Heat stroke, heat exhaustion, and dehydration commonly occur to those who spend time in the heat and may not drink enough fluids. However, it is important to know that these three are very much different in symptoms and treatment. It is critical to know which is which to know the proper and timely management of victims. While heat stroke and exhaustion are commonly heat-related, dehydration can also occur in combination with fever, diarrhea, or vomiting.
Symptom identification
Though these three exhibit some similar symptoms, they have key differences that can be noticed right away. A proper diagnosis leads to correct management. If you are the only person near the victim or the victim, you may be the only difference between safety and endangerment.
| Heat exhaustion | Heat stroke | Dehydration |
|---|---|---|
| High body temperature (over 103 degrees Fahrenheit ) | Cold, pale and clammy skin | Thirst |
| Cold or clammy skin | Fast, weak pulses | Reduced urination |
| Fast, strong pulse | Nausea with vomiting | Headache |
| Headache/nausea | Headache | Dry skin |
| Confusion | Heavy sweating | Fatigue |
| Losing consciousness | Muscle cramps | Dry mouth and mucous membranes |
| Perspiration stops and blood pressure drops | Lightheadedness | Increased heart rate and breathing |
Proper management
If identified correctly, the correct steps can be taken to treat these conditions. For any case, always call 911 or seek emergency medical help right away if possible. Sometimes, dehydration may be caused by a more serious underlying condition requiring immediate medical attention.
| Heat exhaustion | Heat stroke | Dehydration |
|---|---|---|
| Move the victim to a cooler place | Move the victim to a cooler place | Rehydration by drinking fluids or electrolyte drinks |
| Sip water | Do not let the victim drink anything | For more severe cases, IV fluids may be needed |
| Lower the victim’s temperature | Lower the victim’s temperature | |
| Call 911 right away |
Lowering the victims temperature can be done by having them lie in a shaded area and elevate their feet, applying cool water to the skin and fanning them, or applying ice packs to the groin and armpits. Use whatever resources that you have to help them cool down.
Prevention
Prevent heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and dehydration by taking good care of yourself and your loved ones.
- Drink enough fluids when you’re out in the sun. You will need more fluids to stay hydrated when it is hot out than you typically would.
- Schedule any physical activity during cooler periods of the day.
- Wear a hat, sunglasses, and umbrella
- Use sunscreen.
- Never leave children or pets in hot cars, even for a minute.
References:
This page was written by
Lorraine Anne Liu, RN on Dec 7, 2020.